Analysis of Risk Factors for Stunting Among Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in the Working Area of Cibodasari Puskesmas Community Health Center, Tangerang City
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
This research investigates risk factors for stunting among toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Cibodasari Puskesmas Community Health Center in Tangerang City. Stunting, defined as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) below -2 standard deviations from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards, remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, impacting child health and development. Through a cross-sectional study design, data were collected on maternal and child characteristics, household socio-economic status, feeding practices, access to healthcare services, and environmental factors. Statistical analyses, including bivariate and multivariable regression analyses, were conducted to identify risk factors associated with stunting prevalence. Key findings reveal a high prevalence of stunting among toddlers in the study population, with significant associations observed with maternal nutrition, household socio-economic status, feeding practices, access to healthcare services, and environmental factors. The implications of the findings for public health policies and interventions are discussed, emphasizing the importance of multi-sectoral approaches, early intervention strategies, socio-economic empowerment, enhanced healthcare access, environmental health interventions, and community engagement efforts in reducing stunting prevalence and improving child health outcomes within the community. These findings contribute valuable evidence to inform targeted interventions aimed at addressing the root causes of stunting and promoting child health and well-being in Tangerang City.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Avolio, C. (2016). Water service delivery solutions in rural and peri-urban areas in developing countries: are public-public partnerships a valuable alternative to private sector participation?
Benavides Vizcarra, C. F. (2015). Understanding stunting in Peruvian children: A multilevel analysis. University of Northern British Columbia.
Bhutta, Z. A., Akseer, N., Keats, E. C., Vaivada, T., Baker, S., Horton, S. E., Katz, J., Menon, P., Piwoz, E., & Shekar, M. (2020). How countries can reduce child stunting at scale: lessons from exemplar countries. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112, 894S-904S.
Black, R. E., & Heidkamp, R. (2018). Causes of stunting and preventive dietary interventions in pregnancy and early childhood. In Recent research in nutrition and growth (Vol. 89, pp. 105–113). Karger Publishers.
Brown, A. F., Ma, G. X., Miranda, J., Eng, E., Castille, D., Brockie, T., Jones, P., Airhihenbuwa, C. O., Farhat, T., & Zhu, L. (2019). Structural interventions to reduce and eliminate health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S72–S78.
Caulfield, L. E., Richard, S. A., Rivera, J. A., Musgrove, P., & Black, R. E. (2006). Stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiency disorders. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd Edition.
Cybriwsky, R., & Ford, L. R. (2001). City profile: Jakarta. Cities, 18(3), 199–210.
De Onis, M., & Branca, F. (2016). Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12, 12–26.
Delisle, H. F. (2008). Poverty: the double burden of malnutrition in mothers and the intergenerational impact. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 172–184.
Dewey, K. G., & Begum, K. (2011). Long‐term consequences of stunting in early life. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 7, 5–18.
Fagbamigbe, A. F., Kandala, N.-B., & Uthman, O. A. (2020). Decomposing the educational inequalities in the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in low-and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health, 20, 1–14.
Fenske, N., Burns, J., Hothorn, T., & Rehfuess, E. A. (2013). Understanding child stunting in India: a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic, nutritional and environmental determinants using additive quantile regression. PloS One, 8(11), e78692.
Indraprahasta, G. S. (2019). World city formation and the Jakarta metropolitan area: historical continuity, global positionality, and the territorial state. Ghent University.
Lartey, A. (2008). Maternal and child nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and interventions. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(1), 105–108.
Leggett, W. (2013). The flexible imagination: At work in the transnational corporate offices of Jakarta, Indonesia. Lexington Books.
Lohr, A. M., Ingram, M., Nuñez, A. V, Reinschmidt, K. M., & Carvajal, S. C. (2018). Community–clinical linkages with community health workers in the United States: a scoping review. Health Promotion Practice, 19(3), 349–360.
Marini, A. (2004). Three essays on economic determinants of child malnutrition. Cornell University.
McNamara, K., & Wood, E. (2019). Food taboos, health beliefs, and gender: understanding household food choice and nutrition in rural Tajikistan. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 38(1), 17.
Nseluke, M. H. (2018). A Tall Order: Improving Child Linear Growth. PhD dissertation, Maastricht University.
Nzioki, J. M., Ombaka, J. H., & Onyango, R. O. (2015). Perceived socio-cultural and economic factors influencing maternal and child health: qualitative insights from Mwingi District, Kenya. Ann Community Heal [Internet], 3(1), 13–22.
Perkins, J. M., Kim, R., Krishna, A., McGovern, M., Aguayo, V. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017). Understanding the association between stunting and child development in low-and middle-income countries: Next steps for research and intervention. Social Science & Medicine, 193, 101–109.
Raiten, D. J., & Bremer, A. A. (2020). Exploring the nutritional ecology of stunting: new approaches to an old problem. Nutrients, 12(2), 371.
Rana, Z. H. (2019). Analyses of national and local data to determine associations in separate child and adult samples: Examining predictors of stunting among 24 to 59 month old children in Bangladesh and interrogating associations of weight history and attempts to lose/manage weight in West Texas, USA.
Reinhardt, K., & Fanzo, J. (2014). Addressing chronic malnutrition through multi-sectoral, sustainable approaches: a review of the causes and consequences. Frontiers in Nutrition, 1, 13.
Sabbahi, M., Li, J., Davis, C., & Downs, S. M. (2018). The role of the sustainable development goals to reduce the global burden of malnutrition. In Advances in Food Security and Sustainability (Vol. 3, pp. 277–333). Elsevier.
Sciences, N. A. of, Division, M., Services, B. on H. C., Health, B. on G., & Globally, C. on I. the Q. of H. C. (2018). Crossing the global quality chasm: improving health care worldwide.
Skoufias, E., Vinha, K., & Sato, R. (2019). All hands on deck: reducing stunting through multisectoral efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Publications.
Vilcins, D., Sly, P. D., & Jagals, P. (2018). Environmental risk factors associated with child stunting: a systematic review of the literature. Annals of Global Health, 84(4), 551.
Wells, J. C. K., Briend, A., Boyd, E. M., Berkely, J. A., Hall, A., Isanaka, S., Webb, P., Khara, T., & Dolan, C. (2019). Beyond wasted and stunted—a major shift to fight child undernutrition. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 3(11), 831–834.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.