Analysis of the Relationship between Young Marriage and Cervical Cancer Incidence
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Published:
Jul 30, 2024
Keywords:
Young Marriage, Cervical Cancer, HPV Infection, Reproductive Health, Socioeconomic Factors
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Articles
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Abstract
This research investigates the relationship between young marriage and cervical cancer incidence, focusing on how early marital age influences reproductive health outcomes. Utilizing a retrospective cohort design, the study analyzes medical records and health registries of women aged 25 to 65 years in regions where early marriage is prevalent. The findings reveal that women who marry before the age of 18 face a significantly higher risk of developing cervical cancer, attributed to early sexual activity and childbearing, which increase exposure to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare services, including HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screenings, are identified as critical mediators of this relationship. The research highlights the importance of culturally sensitive public health interventions aimed at delaying marriage, promoting reproductive health education, and improving access to preventive services. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies that address the unique challenges faced by young married women, ultimately contributing to the reduction of cervical cancer incidence and the promotion of women's health globally.
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How to Cite
Natalia, F., & Reva, I. A. R. (2024). Analysis of the Relationship between Young Marriage and Cervical Cancer Incidence. International Journal on ObGyn and Health Sciences, 2(3), 144–151. Retrieved from https://trigin.pelnus.ac.id/index.php/ObGyn/article/view/184
References
Bowman, S. (2013). Impact of electronic health record systems on information integrity: quality and safety implications. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 10(Fall).
Christofherson, W. M., & Parker, J. E. (1965). Relation of cervical cancer to early marriage and childbearing. New England Journal of Medicine, 273(5), 235–239.
Corsi, D. J., Neuman, M., Finlay, J. E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2012). Demographic and health surveys: a profile. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(6), 1602–1613.
Feinstein, J. S. (1993). The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: a review of the literature. The Milbank Quarterly, 279–322.
Frazer, I. H., Cox, J. T., Mayeaux Jr, E. J., Franco, E. L., Moscicki, A.-B., Palefsky, J. M., Ferris, D. G., Ferenczy, A. S., & Villa, L. L. (2006). Advances in prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-related diseases. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(2), S65–S81.
Glasier, A., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Schmid, G. P., Moreno, C. G., & Van Look, P. F. A. (2006). Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. The Lancet, 368(9547), 1595–1607.
Hull, R., Mbele, M., Makhafola, T., Hicks, C., Wang, S., Reis, R. M., Mehrotra, R., Mkhize‑Kwitshana, Z., Kibiki, G., & Bates, D. O. (2020). Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries. Oncology Letters, 20(3), 2058–2074.
Kaneko, N. (2018). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among young unmarried Japanese women:
Bowman, S. (2013). Impact of electronic health record systems on information integrity: quality and safety implications. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 10(Fall).
Christofherson, W. M., & Parker, J. E. (1965). Relation of cervical cancer to early marriage and childbearing. New England Journal of Medicine, 273(5), 235–239.
Corsi, D. J., Neuman, M., Finlay, J. E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2012). Demographic and health surveys: a profile. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(6), 1602–1613.
Feinstein, J. S. (1993). The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: a review of the literature. The Milbank Quarterly, 279–322.
Frazer, I. H., Cox, J. T., Mayeaux Jr, E. J., Franco, E. L., Moscicki, A.-B., Palefsky, J. M., Ferris, D. G., Ferenczy, A. S., & Villa, L. L. (2006). Advances in prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-related diseases. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(2), S65–S81.
Sihotang, J. (2019). Implementation of Gray Level Transformation Method for Sharping 2D Images. INFOKUM, 8(1,
Desembe), 16-19.
Sihotang, J. (2020). Analysis of service satisfaction level using rough set algorithm. Infokum, 8(2, Juni), 55-56.
Sihotang, J. (2020). Analysis Of Shortest Path Determination By Utilizing Breadth First Search Algorithm. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 10(2), 1-5.
Sihotang, J., Panjaitan, E. S., & Yunis, R. (2020). Evaluation of Information Technology Governance by Using CobIT 5
Framework at Higher Education. Jurnal Mantik, 4(3), 2194-2203.
Amri, S., & Sihotang, J. (2023). Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs on Healthcare Access in Remote Ar-eas: Fostering
Community Development for Sustainable Health. Law and Economics, 17(3), 170-185.
Sihotang, J., Alesha, A., Batubara, J., Gorat, S. E., & Panjaitan, F. S. (2022). A hybrid approach for adaptive fuzzy network
partitioning and rule generation using rough set theory: Improving data-driven decision making through
accurate and interpretable rules. International Journal of Enterprise Modelling, 16(1), 12-22.
Sihotang, J. (2023). Optimization of Inventory Ordering Decision in Retail Business using Exponential Smoothing
Approach and Decision Support System. International Journal of Mechanical Computational and Manufacturing
Research, 12(2), 46-52.
Glasier, A., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Schmid, G. P., Moreno, C. G., & Van Look, P. F. A. (2006). Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. The Lancet, 368(9547), 1595–1607.
Hull, R., Mbele, M., Makhafola, T., Hicks, C., Wang, S., Reis, R. M., Mehrotra, R., Mkhize‑Kwitshana, Z., Kibiki, G., & Bates, D. O. (2020). Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries. Oncology Letters, 20(3), 2058–2074.
Kaneko, N. (2018). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among young unmarried Japanese women: results from an internet-based survey. BMC Women’s Health, 18, 1–9.
Kangmennaang, J., Onyango, E. O., Luginaah, I., & Elliott, S. J. (2018). The next Sub Saharan African epidemic? A case study of the determinants of cervical cancer knowledge and screening in Kenya. Social Science & Medicine, 197, 203–212.
Khalaf, M. K., Rasheed, F. A., & Hussain, S. A. (2015). Association between early marriage and other sociomedical characteristics with the cervical pap smear results in Iraqi women. Advances in Sexual Medicine, 5(4), 73–82.
Kremelberg, D. (2010). Practical statistics: A quick and easy guide to IBM® SPSS® Statistics, STATA, and other statistical software. SAGE publications.
Kunutsor, S. K., Isiozor, N. M., Voutilainen, A., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2022). Handgrip strength and risk of cognitive outcomes: new prospective study and meta-analysis of 16 observational cohort studies. Geroscience, 44(4), 2007–2024.
Laothavorn, J., Wongwai, P., Prakash Dumre, S., Kongjam, P., Na-Bangchang, K., & Karbwang, J. (2019). Ethical approval and informed consent reporting in ASEAN journals: a systematic review. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 35(12), 2179–2186.
Louie, K. S., De Sanjose, S., Diaz, M., Castellsagué, X., Herrero, R., Meijer, C. J., Shah, K., Franceschi, S., Muñoz, N., & Bosch, F. X. (2009). Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries. British Journal of Cancer, 100(7), 1191–1197.
Ma, J., Zhu, Q., Han, S., Zhang, Y., Ou, W., Wang, H., Zhao, J., & Liu, Z. (2012). Effect of socio-economic factors on delayed access to health care among Chinese cervical cancer patients with late rectal complications after radiotherapy. Gynecologic Oncology, 124(3), 395–398.
Sihotang, J. (2023). Analysis Of the Differences in The Use of Zoom and Google Meet in Learning at Putra Abadi Langkat
University. Instal: Jurnal Komputer, 15(02), 474-479.
Vinsensia, D., Amri, S., Sihotang, J., & Sihotang, H. T. (2024). New Method for Identification and Response to Infectious
Disease Patterns Based on Comprehensive Health Service Data. MATRIK: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer, 23(3), 581-590.
Sihotang, H. T., Riandari, F., & Sihotang, J. (2024). Graph-based Exploration for Mining and Optimization of Yields
(GEMOY Method). Jurnal Teknik Informatika CIT Medicom, 16(2), 70-81.
Sihotang, J., Amri, S., & Vinsensia, D. (2024). Exploring the intersection of HIV/AIDS knowledge and rapid testing attitudes
in higher education: A student perspective. Community Service and Applied Research, 1(1), 18-29.
Sihotang, J., & Manalu, A. (2024). Strategi Pengawasan Orang Tua dalam Mengelola Waktu Bermain Gadget Anak di Desa Pancurbatu. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nauli, 2(2), 65-72.
Simbolon, R., Sihotang, W., & Sihotang, J. (2024). Tapping Ocean Potential: Strategies for integrating tidal and wave energy into national power grids. GEMOY: Green Energy Management and Optimization Yields, 1(1), 49-65.
Marth, C., Landoni, F., Mahner, S., McCormack, M., Gonzalez-Martin, A., & Colombo, N. (2017). Cervical cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 28, iv72–iv83.
Ngune, I., Kalembo, F., Loessl, B., & Kivuti-Bitok, L. W. (2020). Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. PloS One, 15(8), e0237745.
Parkhurst, J. O., & Vulimiri, M. (2013). Cervical cancer and the global health agenda: insights from multiple policy-analysis frameworks. Global Public Health, 8(10), 1093–1108.
Raj, A. (2010). When the mother is a child: the impact of child marriage on the health and human rights of girls. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95(11), 931–935.
Schneider, A. (1993). Pathogenesis of genital HPV infection. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 69(3), 165–173.
Sekine, K., Carandang, R. R., Ong, K. I. C., Tamang, A., & Jimba, M. (2021). Identifying the causal effect of child marriage on unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching. BMJ Open, 11(4), e043532.
Yang, D., Zhang, J., Cui, X., Ma, J., Wang, C., & Piao, H. (2022). Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, and precancerous lesions in large-scale population screening. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 914516.
Christofherson, W. M., & Parker, J. E. (1965). Relation of cervical cancer to early marriage and childbearing. New England Journal of Medicine, 273(5), 235–239.
Corsi, D. J., Neuman, M., Finlay, J. E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2012). Demographic and health surveys: a profile. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(6), 1602–1613.
Feinstein, J. S. (1993). The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: a review of the literature. The Milbank Quarterly, 279–322.
Frazer, I. H., Cox, J. T., Mayeaux Jr, E. J., Franco, E. L., Moscicki, A.-B., Palefsky, J. M., Ferris, D. G., Ferenczy, A. S., & Villa, L. L. (2006). Advances in prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-related diseases. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(2), S65–S81.
Glasier, A., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Schmid, G. P., Moreno, C. G., & Van Look, P. F. A. (2006). Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. The Lancet, 368(9547), 1595–1607.
Hull, R., Mbele, M., Makhafola, T., Hicks, C., Wang, S., Reis, R. M., Mehrotra, R., Mkhize‑Kwitshana, Z., Kibiki, G., & Bates, D. O. (2020). Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries. Oncology Letters, 20(3), 2058–2074.
Kaneko, N. (2018). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among young unmarried Japanese women:
Bowman, S. (2013). Impact of electronic health record systems on information integrity: quality and safety implications. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 10(Fall).
Christofherson, W. M., & Parker, J. E. (1965). Relation of cervical cancer to early marriage and childbearing. New England Journal of Medicine, 273(5), 235–239.
Corsi, D. J., Neuman, M., Finlay, J. E., & Subramanian, S. V. (2012). Demographic and health surveys: a profile. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(6), 1602–1613.
Feinstein, J. S. (1993). The relationship between socioeconomic status and health: a review of the literature. The Milbank Quarterly, 279–322.
Frazer, I. H., Cox, J. T., Mayeaux Jr, E. J., Franco, E. L., Moscicki, A.-B., Palefsky, J. M., Ferris, D. G., Ferenczy, A. S., & Villa, L. L. (2006). Advances in prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-related diseases. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25(2), S65–S81.
Sihotang, J. (2019). Implementation of Gray Level Transformation Method for Sharping 2D Images. INFOKUM, 8(1,
Desembe), 16-19.
Sihotang, J. (2020). Analysis of service satisfaction level using rough set algorithm. Infokum, 8(2, Juni), 55-56.
Sihotang, J. (2020). Analysis Of Shortest Path Determination By Utilizing Breadth First Search Algorithm. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 10(2), 1-5.
Sihotang, J., Panjaitan, E. S., & Yunis, R. (2020). Evaluation of Information Technology Governance by Using CobIT 5
Framework at Higher Education. Jurnal Mantik, 4(3), 2194-2203.
Amri, S., & Sihotang, J. (2023). Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs on Healthcare Access in Remote Ar-eas: Fostering
Community Development for Sustainable Health. Law and Economics, 17(3), 170-185.
Sihotang, J., Alesha, A., Batubara, J., Gorat, S. E., & Panjaitan, F. S. (2022). A hybrid approach for adaptive fuzzy network
partitioning and rule generation using rough set theory: Improving data-driven decision making through
accurate and interpretable rules. International Journal of Enterprise Modelling, 16(1), 12-22.
Sihotang, J. (2023). Optimization of Inventory Ordering Decision in Retail Business using Exponential Smoothing
Approach and Decision Support System. International Journal of Mechanical Computational and Manufacturing
Research, 12(2), 46-52.
Glasier, A., Gülmezoglu, A. M., Schmid, G. P., Moreno, C. G., & Van Look, P. F. A. (2006). Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. The Lancet, 368(9547), 1595–1607.
Hull, R., Mbele, M., Makhafola, T., Hicks, C., Wang, S., Reis, R. M., Mehrotra, R., Mkhize‑Kwitshana, Z., Kibiki, G., & Bates, D. O. (2020). Cervical cancer in low and middle‑income countries. Oncology Letters, 20(3), 2058–2074.
Kaneko, N. (2018). Factors associated with cervical cancer screening among young unmarried Japanese women: results from an internet-based survey. BMC Women’s Health, 18, 1–9.
Kangmennaang, J., Onyango, E. O., Luginaah, I., & Elliott, S. J. (2018). The next Sub Saharan African epidemic? A case study of the determinants of cervical cancer knowledge and screening in Kenya. Social Science & Medicine, 197, 203–212.
Khalaf, M. K., Rasheed, F. A., & Hussain, S. A. (2015). Association between early marriage and other sociomedical characteristics with the cervical pap smear results in Iraqi women. Advances in Sexual Medicine, 5(4), 73–82.
Kremelberg, D. (2010). Practical statistics: A quick and easy guide to IBM® SPSS® Statistics, STATA, and other statistical software. SAGE publications.
Kunutsor, S. K., Isiozor, N. M., Voutilainen, A., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2022). Handgrip strength and risk of cognitive outcomes: new prospective study and meta-analysis of 16 observational cohort studies. Geroscience, 44(4), 2007–2024.
Laothavorn, J., Wongwai, P., Prakash Dumre, S., Kongjam, P., Na-Bangchang, K., & Karbwang, J. (2019). Ethical approval and informed consent reporting in ASEAN journals: a systematic review. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 35(12), 2179–2186.
Louie, K. S., De Sanjose, S., Diaz, M., Castellsagué, X., Herrero, R., Meijer, C. J., Shah, K., Franceschi, S., Muñoz, N., & Bosch, F. X. (2009). Early age at first sexual intercourse and early pregnancy are risk factors for cervical cancer in developing countries. British Journal of Cancer, 100(7), 1191–1197.
Ma, J., Zhu, Q., Han, S., Zhang, Y., Ou, W., Wang, H., Zhao, J., & Liu, Z. (2012). Effect of socio-economic factors on delayed access to health care among Chinese cervical cancer patients with late rectal complications after radiotherapy. Gynecologic Oncology, 124(3), 395–398.
Sihotang, J. (2023). Analysis Of the Differences in The Use of Zoom and Google Meet in Learning at Putra Abadi Langkat
University. Instal: Jurnal Komputer, 15(02), 474-479.
Vinsensia, D., Amri, S., Sihotang, J., & Sihotang, H. T. (2024). New Method for Identification and Response to Infectious
Disease Patterns Based on Comprehensive Health Service Data. MATRIK: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer, 23(3), 581-590.
Sihotang, H. T., Riandari, F., & Sihotang, J. (2024). Graph-based Exploration for Mining and Optimization of Yields
(GEMOY Method). Jurnal Teknik Informatika CIT Medicom, 16(2), 70-81.
Sihotang, J., Amri, S., & Vinsensia, D. (2024). Exploring the intersection of HIV/AIDS knowledge and rapid testing attitudes
in higher education: A student perspective. Community Service and Applied Research, 1(1), 18-29.
Sihotang, J., & Manalu, A. (2024). Strategi Pengawasan Orang Tua dalam Mengelola Waktu Bermain Gadget Anak di Desa Pancurbatu. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nauli, 2(2), 65-72.
Simbolon, R., Sihotang, W., & Sihotang, J. (2024). Tapping Ocean Potential: Strategies for integrating tidal and wave energy into national power grids. GEMOY: Green Energy Management and Optimization Yields, 1(1), 49-65.
Marth, C., Landoni, F., Mahner, S., McCormack, M., Gonzalez-Martin, A., & Colombo, N. (2017). Cervical cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 28, iv72–iv83.
Ngune, I., Kalembo, F., Loessl, B., & Kivuti-Bitok, L. W. (2020). Biopsychosocial risk factors and knowledge of cervical cancer among young women: A case study from Kenya to inform HPV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. PloS One, 15(8), e0237745.
Parkhurst, J. O., & Vulimiri, M. (2013). Cervical cancer and the global health agenda: insights from multiple policy-analysis frameworks. Global Public Health, 8(10), 1093–1108.
Raj, A. (2010). When the mother is a child: the impact of child marriage on the health and human rights of girls. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95(11), 931–935.
Schneider, A. (1993). Pathogenesis of genital HPV infection. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 69(3), 165–173.
Sekine, K., Carandang, R. R., Ong, K. I. C., Tamang, A., & Jimba, M. (2021). Identifying the causal effect of child marriage on unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching. BMJ Open, 11(4), e043532.
Yang, D., Zhang, J., Cui, X., Ma, J., Wang, C., & Piao, H. (2022). Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer, and precancerous lesions in large-scale population screening. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 914516.
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