The relationship between consumption of soy milk and the menstrual cycle of midwifery students
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Published:
Apr 19, 2023
Keywords:
Soy milk, Phytoestrogens, Menstrual cycle
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Abstract
One of the reproductive health problems that can trigger infertility is ovulation disorders. The clinical manifestation of this disorder is irregular menstruation. The cause is a deficiency of the hormone estrogen. Soybeans are plants that contain high phytoestrogens which can meet the needs of estrogen in the body. This study aims to determine the relationship between soy bean consumption and the menstrual cycle. The research design used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling consisting of 30 respondents who fit the inclusion criteria. Data analysis used the paired sample t-test with the Wilcoxon test. The normality test results obtained a pretest value of 0.344 and a post test value of 0.222. respondent data is normally distributed. The dependent t test results obtained a p value of 0.004 < 0.05. There is a relationship between soy milk consumption and the menstrual cycle. there is a change in the regularity of the menstrual cycle after consuming soy milk. Suggestion: women with irregular menstrual cycle problems can consume soy milk as an alternative to complementary medicine in preventing early infertility
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How to Cite
Handayani, T. R., & Contesa, L. (2023). The relationship between consumption of soy milk and the menstrual cycle of midwifery students. International Journal on ObGyn and Health Sciences, 1(2), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.35335/obgyn.v1i2.76
References
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An, J., Tzagarakis-Foster, C., Scharschmidt, T. C., Lomri, N., & Leitman, D. C. (2001). Estrogen receptor β-selective transcriptional activity and recruitment of coregulators by phytoestrogens. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(21), 17808–17814.
Ball, G. F., Balthazart, J., & McCarthy, M. M. (2014). Is it useful to view the brain as a secondary sexual characteristic? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 628–638.
Barron, M. L., & Fehring, R. J. (2005). Basal body temperature assessment: is it useful to couples seeking pregnancy? MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 30(5), 290–296.
Cassidy. (2003). Potential risks and benefits of phytoestrogen-rich diets. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 73(2), 120–126.
Check, J. H. (2007). Ovulation disorders: Part II-Anovulation associated with normal estrogen. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 34(2), 69–72.
De Caro, J. J., Dominguez, C., & Sherman, S. L. (2008). Reproductive Health of Adolescent Girls Who Carry the FMR1 Premutation: Expected Phenotype Based on Current Knowledge of Fragile X–Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1135(1), 99–111.
Direito, A., Bailly, S., Mariani, A., & Ecochard, R. (2013). Relationships between the luteinizing hormone surge and other characteristics of the menstrual cycle in normally ovulating women. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1), 279–285.
Dunson, D. B., Colombo, B., & Baird, D. D. (2002). Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle. Human Reproduction, 17(5), 1399–1403.
Golan, A., Ron-El, R., Herman, A., & Soffer, Y. (1989). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: an update review. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 44(6), 430–440.
Heidary, M., Dokuhaki, S., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Dabbaghmanesh, M. H., Emamghoreishi, M., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2022). The effect of chamomile on menstruation pattern and serum androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 14(1), 64–71.
Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2022). Physiology, Ovulation. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL).
Ireland, J. J., Smith, G. W., Scheetz, D., Jimenez-Krassel, F., Folger, J. K., Ireland, J. L. H., Mossa, F., Lonergan, P., & Evans, A. C. O. (2010). Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 23(1), 1–14.
Jayasinghe, Y. L., Wallace, W. H. B., & Anderson, R. A. (2018). Ovarian function, fertility and reproductive lifespan in cancer patients. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13(3), 125–136.
Jurczewska, J., & Szostak-Węgierek, D. (2022). The Influence of Diet on Ovulation Disorders in Women—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1556.
Kenneth, D. R. S. (1998). Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(6), S1333–S1346.
Kim, I.-S. (2021). Current perspectives on the beneficial effects of soybean isoflavones and their metabolites for humans. Antioxidants, 10(7), 1064.
Kohama, T., Kobayashi, H., & Inoue, M. (2005). The effect of soybeans on the anovulatory cycle. In Journal of Medicinal Food (Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 550–551). https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2005.8.550
Kuchling, G., & Bradshaw, S. D. (1993). Ovarian cycle and egg production of the western swamp tortoise Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae) in the wild and in captivity. Journal of Zoology, 229(3), 405–419.
Levine, L. D., Kim, K., Purdue-Smithe, A., Sundaram, R., Schisterman, E. F., Connell, M., DeVilbiss, E. A., Alkhalaf, Z., Radoc, J. G., Buck Louis, G. M., & Mumford, S. L. (2020). Urinary phytoestrogens and relationship to menstrual cycle length and variability among healthy, eumenorrheic women. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvz003
Lorand, T., Vigh, E., & Garai, J. (2010). Hormonal action of plant derived and anthropogenic non-steroidal estrogenic compounds: phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 17(30), 3542–3574.
Martinez, A. R., van Hooff, M. H. A., Schoute, E., van der Meer, M., Broekmans, F. J. M., & Hompes, P. G. A. (1992). The reliability, acceptability and applications of basal body temperature (BBT) records in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 47(2), 121–127.
Messina, M., & Erdman, J. W. (2000). Introduction to the third international symposium on the role of soy in preventing and treating chronic disease. Journal of Nutrition, 130(3), 6–7.
Messina, M., Mejia, S. B., Cassidy, A., Duncan, A., Kurzer, M., Nagato, C., Ronis, M., Rowland, I., Sievenpiper, J., & Barnes, S. (2022). Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(21), 5824–5885.
Midwifery, D., Program, S., Bina, S., & Palembang, H. (2020). Effect Of Soy Milk On Ovum Size In Women With Sopk Tri Restu Handayani Machine Translated By Google. 12(2).
Molteni, A., Brizio-Molteni, L., & Persky, V. (1995). In vitro hormonal effects of soybean isoflavones. The Journal of Nutrition, 125(suppl_3), 751S-756S.
Mutter, G. L., Lin, M.-C., Fitzgerald, J. T., Kum, J. B., & Eng, C. (2000). Changes in endometrial PTEN expression throughout the human menstrual cycle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85(6), 2334–2338.
Nagata, C., Takatsuka, N., Shimizu, H., Hayashi, H., Akamatsu, T., & Murase, K. (2001). Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 10(3), 179–184.
Narulita, E., Prihatin, J., Anam, K., & Oktavia, F. A. R. H. (2017). Perubahan Kadar Estradiol dan Histologi Uterus Mencit (Mus musculus) Betina dengan Induksi Progesteron Sintetik. Biosfera, 34(3), 117. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.3.487
Patisaul, H. B., & Jefferson, W. (2010). The pros and cons of phytoestrogens. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 31(4), 400–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003
Petrine, J. C. P., & Del Bianco‐Borges, B. (2021). The influence of phytoestrogens on different physiological and pathological processes: An overview. Phytotherapy Research, 35(1), 180–197.
Price, K. R., & Fenwick, G. R. (1985). Naturally occurring oestrogens in foods—a review. Food Additives & Contaminants, 2(2), 73–106.
Renaud, R. L., Macler, J., Dervain, I., Ehret, M.-C., Aron, C., Plas-Roser, S., Spira, A., & Pollack, H. (1980). Echographic study of follicular maturation and ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle. Fertility and Sterility, 33(3), 272–276.
Rizzo, G., & 2, L. B. (2018). Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients MDPI, 10(43), 1–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
Rizzo, G., Feraco, A., Storz, M. A., & Lombardo, M. (2022). The role of soy and soy isoflavones on women’s fertility and related outcomes: An update. Journal of Nutritional Science, 11, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2022.15
Saini, A., & Morya, S. (2021). A Review based study on Soymilk: Focuses on production technology, Prospects and Progress Scenario in last Decade. The Pharma Innovation, 6(7), 486–494. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i5g.6254
Sarhan, D., El Mazny, A., Taha, T., Aziz, A., Azmy, O., Fakhry, D., & Torky, H. (2017). Estradiol and luteinizing hormone concentrations in the follicular aspirate during ovum pickup as predictors of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 22(1), 27–32.
Silvestris, E., Lovero, D., & Palmirotta, R. (2019). Nutrition and female fertility: An interdependent correlation. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00346
Sirtori, C. R. (2001). Risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis. Drug Safety, 24, 665–682.
Słomczyńska, M. (2004). The effect of phytoestrogens on the reproductive tract. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 223–226.
Symmers, W. S. (1968). Carcinoma of breast in trans-sexual individuals after surgical and hormonal interference with the primary and secondary sex characteristics. British Medical Journal, 2(5597), 83.
Translated, M. (2020). Effect Of Soy Milk Consumption On Amenorhoe Secondary Adolescence In Adolescent Period Of Late Adolescence In Dayah People Of The Qur ’ Ani Aceh Great ( Effect Of Soybean Milk Consumption Of Changes In Adolescent Secondary Amenorrhea Period Late Adolescen.
Wilcox, A. J., Weinberg, C. R., & Baird, D. D. (1995). Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation—effects on the probability of conception, survival of the pregnancy, and sex of the baby. New England Journal of Medicine, 333(23), 1517–1521.
An, J., Tzagarakis-Foster, C., Scharschmidt, T. C., Lomri, N., & Leitman, D. C. (2001). Estrogen receptor β-selective transcriptional activity and recruitment of coregulators by phytoestrogens. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(21), 17808–17814.
Ball, G. F., Balthazart, J., & McCarthy, M. M. (2014). Is it useful to view the brain as a secondary sexual characteristic? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 628–638.
Barron, M. L., & Fehring, R. J. (2005). Basal body temperature assessment: is it useful to couples seeking pregnancy? MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 30(5), 290–296.
Cassidy. (2003). Potential risks and benefits of phytoestrogen-rich diets. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 73(2), 120–126.
Check, J. H. (2007). Ovulation disorders: Part II-Anovulation associated with normal estrogen. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 34(2), 69–72.
De Caro, J. J., Dominguez, C., & Sherman, S. L. (2008). Reproductive Health of Adolescent Girls Who Carry the FMR1 Premutation: Expected Phenotype Based on Current Knowledge of Fragile X–Associated Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1135(1), 99–111.
Direito, A., Bailly, S., Mariani, A., & Ecochard, R. (2013). Relationships between the luteinizing hormone surge and other characteristics of the menstrual cycle in normally ovulating women. Fertility and Sterility, 99(1), 279–285.
Dunson, D. B., Colombo, B., & Baird, D. D. (2002). Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle. Human Reproduction, 17(5), 1399–1403.
Golan, A., Ron-El, R., Herman, A., & Soffer, Y. (1989). Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: an update review. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 44(6), 430–440.
Heidary, M., Dokuhaki, S., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Dabbaghmanesh, M. H., Emamghoreishi, M., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2022). The effect of chamomile on menstruation pattern and serum androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 14(1), 64–71.
Holesh, J. E., Bass, A. N., & Lord, M. (2022). Physiology, Ovulation. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL).
Ireland, J. J., Smith, G. W., Scheetz, D., Jimenez-Krassel, F., Folger, J. K., Ireland, J. L. H., Mossa, F., Lonergan, P., & Evans, A. C. O. (2010). Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 23(1), 1–14.
Jayasinghe, Y. L., Wallace, W. H. B., & Anderson, R. A. (2018). Ovarian function, fertility and reproductive lifespan in cancer patients. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13(3), 125–136.
Jurczewska, J., & Szostak-Węgierek, D. (2022). The Influence of Diet on Ovulation Disorders in Women—A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1556.
Kenneth, D. R. S. (1998). Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(6), S1333–S1346.
Kim, I.-S. (2021). Current perspectives on the beneficial effects of soybean isoflavones and their metabolites for humans. Antioxidants, 10(7), 1064.
Kohama, T., Kobayashi, H., & Inoue, M. (2005). The effect of soybeans on the anovulatory cycle. In Journal of Medicinal Food (Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 550–551). https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2005.8.550
Kuchling, G., & Bradshaw, S. D. (1993). Ovarian cycle and egg production of the western swamp tortoise Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae) in the wild and in captivity. Journal of Zoology, 229(3), 405–419.
Levine, L. D., Kim, K., Purdue-Smithe, A., Sundaram, R., Schisterman, E. F., Connell, M., DeVilbiss, E. A., Alkhalaf, Z., Radoc, J. G., Buck Louis, G. M., & Mumford, S. L. (2020). Urinary phytoestrogens and relationship to menstrual cycle length and variability among healthy, eumenorrheic women. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvz003
Lorand, T., Vigh, E., & Garai, J. (2010). Hormonal action of plant derived and anthropogenic non-steroidal estrogenic compounds: phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 17(30), 3542–3574.
Martinez, A. R., van Hooff, M. H. A., Schoute, E., van der Meer, M., Broekmans, F. J. M., & Hompes, P. G. A. (1992). The reliability, acceptability and applications of basal body temperature (BBT) records in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 47(2), 121–127.
Messina, M., & Erdman, J. W. (2000). Introduction to the third international symposium on the role of soy in preventing and treating chronic disease. Journal of Nutrition, 130(3), 6–7.
Messina, M., Mejia, S. B., Cassidy, A., Duncan, A., Kurzer, M., Nagato, C., Ronis, M., Rowland, I., Sievenpiper, J., & Barnes, S. (2022). Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(21), 5824–5885.
Midwifery, D., Program, S., Bina, S., & Palembang, H. (2020). Effect Of Soy Milk On Ovum Size In Women With Sopk Tri Restu Handayani Machine Translated By Google. 12(2).
Molteni, A., Brizio-Molteni, L., & Persky, V. (1995). In vitro hormonal effects of soybean isoflavones. The Journal of Nutrition, 125(suppl_3), 751S-756S.
Mutter, G. L., Lin, M.-C., Fitzgerald, J. T., Kum, J. B., & Eng, C. (2000). Changes in endometrial PTEN expression throughout the human menstrual cycle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85(6), 2334–2338.
Nagata, C., Takatsuka, N., Shimizu, H., Hayashi, H., Akamatsu, T., & Murase, K. (2001). Effect of soymilk consumption on serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 10(3), 179–184.
Narulita, E., Prihatin, J., Anam, K., & Oktavia, F. A. R. H. (2017). Perubahan Kadar Estradiol dan Histologi Uterus Mencit (Mus musculus) Betina dengan Induksi Progesteron Sintetik. Biosfera, 34(3), 117. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.3.487
Patisaul, H. B., & Jefferson, W. (2010). The pros and cons of phytoestrogens. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 31(4), 400–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.003
Petrine, J. C. P., & Del Bianco‐Borges, B. (2021). The influence of phytoestrogens on different physiological and pathological processes: An overview. Phytotherapy Research, 35(1), 180–197.
Price, K. R., & Fenwick, G. R. (1985). Naturally occurring oestrogens in foods—a review. Food Additives & Contaminants, 2(2), 73–106.
Renaud, R. L., Macler, J., Dervain, I., Ehret, M.-C., Aron, C., Plas-Roser, S., Spira, A., & Pollack, H. (1980). Echographic study of follicular maturation and ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle. Fertility and Sterility, 33(3), 272–276.
Rizzo, G., & 2, L. B. (2018). Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients MDPI, 10(43), 1–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010043
Rizzo, G., Feraco, A., Storz, M. A., & Lombardo, M. (2022). The role of soy and soy isoflavones on women’s fertility and related outcomes: An update. Journal of Nutritional Science, 11, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2022.15
Saini, A., & Morya, S. (2021). A Review based study on Soymilk: Focuses on production technology, Prospects and Progress Scenario in last Decade. The Pharma Innovation, 6(7), 486–494. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i5g.6254
Sarhan, D., El Mazny, A., Taha, T., Aziz, A., Azmy, O., Fakhry, D., & Torky, H. (2017). Estradiol and luteinizing hormone concentrations in the follicular aspirate during ovum pickup as predictors of in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Middle East Fertility Society Journal, 22(1), 27–32.
Silvestris, E., Lovero, D., & Palmirotta, R. (2019). Nutrition and female fertility: An interdependent correlation. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00346
Sirtori, C. R. (2001). Risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis. Drug Safety, 24, 665–682.
Słomczyńska, M. (2004). The effect of phytoestrogens on the reproductive tract. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 223–226.
Symmers, W. S. (1968). Carcinoma of breast in trans-sexual individuals after surgical and hormonal interference with the primary and secondary sex characteristics. British Medical Journal, 2(5597), 83.
Translated, M. (2020). Effect Of Soy Milk Consumption On Amenorhoe Secondary Adolescence In Adolescent Period Of Late Adolescence In Dayah People Of The Qur ’ Ani Aceh Great ( Effect Of Soybean Milk Consumption Of Changes In Adolescent Secondary Amenorrhea Period Late Adolescen.
Wilcox, A. J., Weinberg, C. R., & Baird, D. D. (1995). Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation—effects on the probability of conception, survival of the pregnancy, and sex of the baby. New England Journal of Medicine, 333(23), 1517–1521.
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